乳腺癌是中国女性最常见的癌症，

年龄标化率为每10万女性36.1例。

乳腺癌的高危因素有以下几点：


1. BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变者


2. 独身未育，或婚后未育者


3. 生育未哺乳者


4. 初潮年龄<12周岁，或闭经年龄>55周岁者


5. 常用激素类药物或激素类化妆品者


6. 肥胖，或摄入脂肪过量、嗜酒、嗜烟者


7. 反复接受各种放射线者（包括多次密集的放射线检查）


8. 精神抑郁，心情焦虑，工作压力大，经常生气


9. 母系家庭有乳腺癌或卵巢癌病史者


10. 患良性乳腺疾病，特别是伴有非典型增生。

我国一般风险人群乳腺癌筛查的起始年龄为40岁，

但对于以上高危风险人群可将筛查起始年龄提前到40岁以前。

用于乳腺癌筛查的措施有：


超声检查、乳腺X线检查、临床体检、MRI检查

一般风险人群每1～2年进行1次乳腺X线检查，


对致密型乳腺推荐与超声检查联合；


高危风险人群除推荐筛查频度为每年1次，


筛查手段除乳腺X线检查和超声检查外，


还可采用MRI等影像学手段。

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