来源：科技日报

据英国《新科学家》杂志网站近日报道，基于试点项目数据，
世界上首款疟疾疫苗已被批准在撒哈拉以南非洲及其他疟疾传播中高风险地区的儿童中普遍使用，

这是迄今唯一已获证明可显著降低儿童罹患疟疾几率的疫苗。

世卫组织认为这款疫苗安全性强，副作用罕见（接种者或出现发烧、抽搐），

建议疟疾传播中高风险地区满5月龄儿童接种4剂疟疾疫苗。

其中前3剂应在5—17个月之间注射，每次注射间隔一个月，最后一剂应在第三剂注射后18个月左右注射。

疟疾由一种名为疟原虫的寄生虫引起，通过受感染的蚊子叮咬传播，症状包括发热、头痛、呕吐等，严重时可致死亡。

这款疫苗名为“RTS,S”，由疟原虫的一部分蛋白质与乙肝病毒的另一部分蛋白质结合而成。

英国葛兰素史克公司于1987年开始研发这款疫苗，针对恶性疟原虫，即最致命、同时也是非洲最流行的疟原虫。

自2019年起，这款疫苗在加纳、肯尼亚和马拉维面向5月龄及以上儿童试点推广，

迄今80多万名儿童接种超过230万剂。

结果表明，超过2/3没有蚊帐的儿童受益于疫苗，且疟疾重症发生率降低了30%。

世卫组织数据显示，疟疾仍是全球最主要致死疾病之一。

全球2019年估计有2.29亿疟疾病例，其中超过9成发生在非洲，

当年约40.9万例死亡病例中，5岁以下儿童占67%（约26万），

这一年龄段发生危及生命的并发症的风险最大。

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